英语词根学习

掌握词根,举一反三,轻松扩大词汇量

📌 什么是词根? 词根是单词的核心语义部件,来自拉丁语或希腊语。
掌握一个词根 = 认识5~20个相关单词。例如:词根 dict(说/命令) → dictate / dictionary / predict / contradict / verdict …
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为什么要学词根?
1
以一带多:英语中约60%的词汇来自拉丁语和希腊语词根,掌握300个核心词根,可以推断数千个单词的含义。
2
理解而非死记:知道 port = 携带,就能理解 import(输入)、export(输出)、transport(运输)、portable(便携的)——无需死记每一个。
3
考场快速推断:高考阅读遇到生词时,通过词根+前缀+后缀拆解,往往能猜出70%的含义。
🎯 学习建议:每天学3~5个词根,每个词根记住3个例词,一个月后你将认识约450个新单词。
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单词拆解公式
单词 = 前缀 + 词根 + 后缀
例:un·predict·able
    un-(否定) + predict(预言 = pre前 + dict说) + -able(能…的)
    → 不可预测的

例:inter·national
    inter-(在…之间) + nat(出生) + -ion-al(名词→形容词)
    → 国际的
常用前缀速查表
前缀含义例词
un- / in- / im- / ir- / il-否定,不unhappy, impossible, irregular, illegal
re-再次,回return, replay, rebuild, review
pre-在…之前predict, prepare, preview, prevent
pro-向前,支持progress, promote, produce, project
de-向下,去除decrease, destroy, decline, depress
ex- / e-向外,超出export, expand, exclude, express
inter-在…之间international, interact, interview
trans-穿越,转变transport, transfer, translate, transform
over-超过,在上面overcome, overlook, overwork
sub-在下面,次subway, submarine, subject, submit
com- / con- / co-共同,一起combine, connect, cooperate, collect
mis-错误地mistake, misuse, misunderstand
dis-否定,分开disagree, discover, distribute, disappear
super-超级,在上面supermarket, superman, superior
auto-自动,自己automatic, automobile, autobiography
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常用后缀速查表
后缀词性例词
-tion / -sion / -ion名词(行为/状态)education, decision, action
-ness名词(性质/状态)happiness, kindness, darkness
-ment名词(结果/过程)movement, development, achievement
-er / -or / -ist / -ian名词(人)teacher, actor, artist, musician
-ity / -ty名词(性质)ability, equality, beauty
-ful形容词(充满…的)beautiful, careful, powerful
-less形容词(无…的)careless, homeless, fearless
-able / -ible形容词(能…的)comfortable, possible, readable
-ous / -ious形容词(有…性质)famous, dangerous, mysterious
-al / -ial形容词(与…有关)national, social, natural
-ly副词(如…地)quickly, carefully, generally
-ize / -ise动词(使…化)realize, organize, modernize
-en动词(使变为…)strengthen, widen, frighten
-ify动词(使…化)identify, simplify, clarify

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